{"id":48307,"date":"2021-09-20T16:25:09","date_gmt":"2021-09-20T14:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/societes-humanites\/?p=48307"},"modified":"2022-04-05T16:32:56","modified_gmt":"2022-04-05T14:32:56","slug":"provincialiser-la-langue-langage-et-colonialisme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/societes-humanites\/provincialiser-la-langue-langage-et-colonialisme\/","title":{"rendered":"Provincialiser la langue – Langage et colonialisme"},"content":{"rendered":"

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C\u00e9cile Canut est professeure en Sciences du langage et membre du Centre de recherche sur les liens sociaux (CERLIS). Sp\u00e9cialiste des pratiques langagi\u00e8res et des imaginaires linguistiques, elle a \u00e9galement publi\u00e9 Langue<\/em>.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Lorsqu\u2019ils ont colonis\u00e9 l\u2019Afrique, les Europ\u00e9ens y ont impos\u00e9 leur conception id\u00e9ologique du langage. Pour eux, les pratiques langagi\u00e8res ne pouvaient \u00eatre appr\u00e9hend\u00e9es qu\u2019au prisme d\u2019un ordre de la langue instituant l\u2019essor d\u2019une culture n\u00e9cessairement nationale. Cette id\u00e9ologie s\u2019est traduite par la mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019un v\u00e9ritable imp\u00e9rialisme linguistique : outre l\u2019imposition des langues europ\u00e9ennes, les missionnaires, puis les administrateurs coloniaux ont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 des \u00ab dialectes africains \u00bb, cat\u00e9goris\u00e9s comme tels afin de mieux les rel\u00e9guer au bas d\u2019une fantasmatique hi\u00e9rarchie des langues.
Si une telle vision, relay\u00e9e par une partie des \u00e9lites africaines et confort\u00e9e, aujourd\u2019hui encore, par les institutions de la Francophonie, a largement surv\u00e9cu aux ind\u00e9pendances, elle n\u2019a jamais cess\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre contest\u00e9e \u2013 avec succ\u00e8s. C\u2019est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment de ce succ\u00e8s que C\u00e9cile Canut tire toutes les cons\u00e9quences th\u00e9oriques et politiques : en mettant au jour les biais inh\u00e9rents aux approches pr\u00e9tendument scientifiques qui ont domin\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9tude du langage tout au long du xxe si\u00e8cle, elle nous invite \u00e0 provincialiser la notion m\u00eame de langue, ce mod\u00e8le d\u00e9charn\u00e9 d\u2019une suppos\u00e9e modernit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

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