{"id":16115,"date":"2023-09-13T14:55:57","date_gmt":"2023-09-13T12:55:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/centre-politiques-terre\/?p=16115"},"modified":"2024-04-30T16:53:27","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T14:53:27","slug":"napalair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/centre-politiques-terre\/napalair\/","title":{"rendered":"NAPALAIR"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section bb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ next_background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ inner_width=\u00a0\u00bbauto\u00a0\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb3_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbintro\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.22.1″ module_id=\u00a0\u00bbintro\u00a0\u00bb text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n

Ce projet de recherche interdisciplinaire et participatif<\/strong> est issu d\u2019une sollicitation des chercheurs de l\u2019Atelier d\u2019\u00c9cologie Politique de Toulouse<\/a> (At\u00e9copol<\/strong>) par le collectif APROVA \u00e0 propos de l\u2019impact sur la nappe phr\u00e9atique de l\u2019activit\u00e9 de gravi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

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z_index_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n

Quatre entreprises d\u2019extraction de ressources min\u00e9rales primaires sont implant\u00e9es en basse Ari\u00e8ge, sur un territoire de 1000 ha. Elles extraient actuellement 1,2 Mt\/an de sables et graviers alluvionnaires, principalement \u00e0 destination du secteur du BTP et infrastructure. L\u2019importante pression fonci\u00e8re qu\u2019ils exercent pour racheter les terres agricoles de la vall\u00e9e est en train de bouleverser le syst\u00e8me socio-\u00e9cologique local.<\/p>\n

En r\u00e9action \u00e0 l\u2019expansion de cette activit\u00e9 extractive, l\u2019association APROVA a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e avec pour objet \u00ab la d\u00e9fense de la vall\u00e9e de l\u2019Ari\u00e8ge et de la nappe phr\u00e9atique \u00bb : pr\u00e9server la qualit\u00e9 des eaux, l\u2019\u00e9coulement naturel de la nappe et les activit\u00e9s agricoles. Selon eux, cette activit\u00e9 mettrait en danger la nappe phr\u00e9atique. Ils d\u00e9noncent un probl\u00e8me de d\u00e9mocratie locale puisque tout se fait dans la l\u00e9galit\u00e9. Les exploitants des gravi\u00e8res<\/strong> r\u00e9torquent que la baisse de niveau de la nappe est due \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse. Les \u00e9lus locaux semblent tiraill\u00e9s entre volont\u00e9 de soutenir l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique du territoire et souci de pr\u00e9servation de la ressource en eau. Certains \u00e9tangs sont en passe d\u2019\u00eatre convertis en bases de loisirs aquatiques\u00a0; les terrains combl\u00e9s avec des d\u00e9chets du BTP sont convertis en fermes photovolta\u00efques.<\/p>\n

Cette controverse rejoint l\u2019une des trois questions directrices de la Zone Atelier Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Garonne<\/strong> (PYGAR), qui a labellis\u00e9 le projet : quelles sont les contributions respectives du changement climatique et des activit\u00e9s socio-\u00e9conomiques aux modifications de la biodiversit\u00e9 et des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes ?<\/p>\n

L\u2019enjeu de repr\u00e9sentation se d\u00e9cline ici \u00e0 trois niveaux.<\/p>\n

Tout d\u2019abord, travailler la compr\u00e9hension collective du fonctionnement d\u2019une nappe phr\u00e9atique alluviale. Autrement dit : comment repr\u00e9senter l\u2019invisible ?<\/strong> Les interactions entre eau de surface et eau souterraine sont souvent mal comprises. Et on se repr\u00e9sente commun\u00e9ment la nappe phr\u00e9atique comme une poche d\u2019eau souterraine enserr\u00e9e entre deux strates solides. Or, dans la plupart des cas, c\u2019est de l\u2019eau qui transite \u00e0 travers des strates de roches perm\u00e9ables, c\u2019est du \u00ab sable mouill\u00e9 \u00bb. Aussi, quand on pr\u00e9l\u00e8ve ces sables et graviers, c\u2019est la nappe phr\u00e9atique elle-m\u00eame que l\u2019on alt\u00e8re. Et les nombreuses cartes disponibles ne semblent pas aider la compr\u00e9hension de cet enjeu (cf. Latour & Weibel 2020, p.14).<\/p>\n

Il y a ensuite l\u2019enjeu de repr\u00e9senter visuellement le m\u00e9tabolisme territorial<\/strong>. La transformation de la vall\u00e9e de l\u2019Ari\u00e8ge en un gisement de granulats \u00e0 destination de la fabrique urbaine toulousaine ainsi qu\u2019en exutoire pour ses d\u00e9chets soul\u00e8ve \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9vidence un enjeu d\u2019interd\u00e9pendance territoriale asym\u00e9trique. L\u2019urbanisation toulousaine d\u00e9termine des flux de ressources, avec une r\u00e9percussion directe, quoique largement invisibilis\u00e9e, sur les cycles biog\u00e9ochimiques. L\u2019ampleur et la direction de ces flux m\u00e9ritent d\u2019\u00eatre mises en lumi\u00e8re comme support de d\u00e9lib\u00e9ration\u00a0: \u00ab la repr\u00e9sentation des m\u00e9tabolismes ne se r\u00e9sume pas \u00e0 une question purement esth\u00e9tique : elle comporte de fortes implications politiques, scientifiques et \u00e9cologiques<\/em> \u00bb (Blanc et al. 2022).<\/p>\n

Enfin, il est envisag\u00e9 de travailler la repr\u00e9sentation du paysage rural<\/strong>. L\u2019extension des gravi\u00e8res est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme portant atteinte \u00e0 un paysage agricole familier. Pourtant, la monoculture intensive de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales destin\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019export n\u2019est pas exempte de probl\u00e8mes socio-\u00e9cologiques. En outre, mettre un territoire au service d\u2019une production agricole \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle n\u2019est pas per\u00e7u par les habitant.es comme relevant d\u2019une activit\u00e9 extractive, ce qui m\u00e9rite d\u2019\u00eatre questionn\u00e9. Selon quels crit\u00e8res et sous quel angle l\u2019extraction de granulats alluvionnaire serait-elle socio-\u00e9cologiquement plus n\u00e9faste ?<\/p>\n

Les attentes du collectif citoyen APROVA ont \u00e9t\u00e9 coconstruites au cours de r\u00e9unions de travail :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Un besoin d\u2019objectiver le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre touch\u00e9 afin d\u2019att\u00e9nuer le sentiment d\u2019\u00e9co-anxi\u00e9t\u00e9<\/li>\n
  2. R\u00e9fl\u00e9chir collectivement, et sur des bases rigoureuses, au devenir des eaux souterraines<\/li>\n
  3. Proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une analyse sociopolitique du processus de gouvernance de l\u2019eau en Ari\u00e8ge<\/li>\n
  4. Faire comprendre les enjeux aux \u00e9lu.es et aux habitant.es du territoire<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Le but de cette recherche participative serait pour cette association de faire prendre conscience de la valeur de ce bien commun qu\u2019est la nappe phr\u00e9atique : \u00ab la nappe phr\u00e9atique est un tr\u00e9sor qui nous a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00e9gu\u00e9 par les glaciers du Secondaire, elle est constitu\u00e9e de ces granulats. Le fait de les extraire d\u00e9truit la nappe, car c\u2019est sa constitution m\u00eame<\/em> \u00bb (H. D., environnementaliste).<\/p>\n

    Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9quipe scientifique, l\u2019objectif de recherche est triple.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. D\u00e9m\u00ealer l\u2019\u00e9cheveau d\u2019une situation complexe de fragilisation de la ressource en eau<\/strong>. Faire la part des choses entre les multiples facteurs qui impactent quantitativement et qualitativement sur cette ressource.\u00a0<\/li>\n
    2. Reconnecter l\u2019expertise scientifique du p\u00f4le toulousain avec les probl\u00e9matiques du territoire<\/strong>, en se portant \u00e0 l\u2019interface science \/ soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Cela rejoint le v\u0153u de \u00ab nouvelle universit\u00e9 des sciences terrestres \u00bb formul\u00e9 par feu Bruno Latour, o\u00f9 les sciences fondamentales interviendraient pour \u00ab\u00a0red\u00e9finir les probl\u00e8mes \u00bb .<\/li>\n
    3. Pour l\u2019\u00e9quipe du GET, c\u2019est une opportunit\u00e9 de mettre en application notre d\u00e9marche interdisciplinaire en \u00e9prouvant le concept d\u2019habitabilit\u00e9<\/strong> : riche, mais non encore op\u00e9rationnel. Comment fabrique-t-on des connaissances permettant d\u2019interroger les mutations de l\u2019habitabilit\u00e9 terrestre \u00e0 l\u2019aune des limites plan\u00e9taires (eau, usage des sols, nouvelles entit\u00e9s) ? Ce projet est l\u2019occasion d\u2019explorer certaines de leurs interd\u00e9pendances, qui n\u2019apparaissent pas dans ce tableau de bord de l\u2019anthropoc\u00e8ne. A cette logique de flux, nous ajouterons une logique de stocks (granulats extraits, d\u00e9chets enfouis). En d\u2019autres termes, nous prendrons ces enjeux de l\u2019anthropoc\u00e8ne comme autant d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s \u2013 et de d\u00e9fis \u2013 pour les sciences contemporaines.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

      R\u00e9f\u00e9rences bibliographiques indicatives<\/h4>\n
      \n

      Duperrex, M. La rivi\u00e8re et le bulldozer<\/i>, 2022, Premier Parall\u00e8le.<\/p>\n

      Elhacham, E., Ben-Uri, L., Bar-On, Y.M., Milo, R., 2020. Global human-made mass exceeds all living biomass. Nature<\/em> 588, 442\u2013444.<\/p>\n

      Gaillardet, J. La Terre habitable ou l’\u00e9pop\u00e9e de la zone critique<\/i>, 2023, La D\u00e9couverte.<\/p>\n

      Gaillardet, J. et Boudia, S. \u00ab La Zone critique \u00bb, Revue d\u2019anthropologie des connaissances<\/em> [En ligne], 15-4 | 2021. URL : http:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/rac\/25340 ; DOI : https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/rac.25340<\/p>\n

      Latour, B. & Weibel, P. Critical Zones: The Science and Politics of Landing on Earth<\/em>, 2020, MIT Press.<\/p>\n

      Liboiron, M. & Lepawsky, J. Discard Studies: Wasting, Systems, and Power<\/em>, 2022, MIT Press.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

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