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Le projet MethaTransferts a pour double objectif (1) de caract\u00e9riser la mani\u00e8re dont se d\u00e9finit la transition agro\u00e9cologique en lien \u00e0 la fois avec les choix des politiques publiques et les innovations et (2) de r\u00e9aliser des transferts de connaissances impliquant les chercheurs du projet, des agriculteurs et des lyc\u00e9ens via <\/i>des ateliers pour favoriser des techniques agricoles plus vertueuses pour l\u2019habitabilit\u00e9.\u00a0<\/p>\n
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Plus sp\u00e9cifiquement, l\u2019\u00e9tude de cas de MethaTransfers porte sur le choix d\u2019investissement des agriculteurs dans la technologie de m\u00e9thanisation. La m\u00e9thanisation implique des enjeux d\u2019habitabilit\u00e9 car elle est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme une solution technique pour la d\u00e9carbonation de l\u2019agro-industrie et des industries consommatrices de gaz naturel. En effet, l\u2019utilisation de la biomasse issue de la photosynth\u00e8se pour produire du biogaz est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme \u00ab carbonnement neutre \u00bb. C\u2019est ignorer un ensemble de pratiques se d\u00e9veloppant dans le sillage de la production de biogaz : production de cultures d\u00e9di\u00e9es en concurrence avec les enjeux de l\u2019alimentation, recours \u00e0 de la biomasse import\u00e9e, usage du digestat (produit joint de la production de biogaz) comme fertilisant organique, etc. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019investiguer et de caract\u00e9riser la diversit\u00e9 des unit\u00e9s de m\u00e9thanisation agricoles fran\u00e7aises au regard de leur degr\u00e9 d’int\u00e9grabilit\u00e9 dans des processus de transformation agro\u00e9cologique. Les modalit\u00e9s de fonctionnement de ces installations en tant que composantes int\u00e9gr\u00e9es au sein d’agro \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes complexes conditionnent l’\u00e9valuation de leur impact sur l\u2019habitabilit\u00e9.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Par ailleurs, le projet MethaTransferts a \u00e9t\u00e9 pens\u00e9 comme un projet visant \u00e0 agir pour une meilleure habitabilit\u00e9 terrestre. Il s\u2019agit de lier la diversit\u00e9 des pratiques agricoles relatives \u00e0 la m\u00e9thanisation \u00e0 une diversit\u00e9 de recommandations, dans un esprit de transfert de connaissances entre les scientifiques et les agriculteurs. Le cas pratique portera sur la question du niveau de qualit\u00e9 du digestat. Sa qualit\u00e9 d\u00e9coule des choix op\u00e9r\u00e9s par les agriculteurs. Il s\u2019agira d\u2019une part d\u2019observer en laboratoire la qualit\u00e9 du digestat \u00ab\u00a0en usage\u00a0\u00bb en reproduisant exp\u00e9rimentalement les pratiques d\u2019utilisation d\u2019une 30aine de digestats collect\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s d\u2019agriculteurs qui auront sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9 la mani\u00e8re dont ils l\u2019utilisent. D\u2019autre part, l\u2019\u00e9quipe de recherche \u00e9changera son savoir-faire avec celui des agriculteurs sur l\u2019usage du digestat. Il s\u2019agit notamment de d\u00e9velopper une m\u00e9thode simple de transfert de connaissances relatives au test sur la qualit\u00e9 du digestat \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 la ferme\u00a0\u00bb et avec les outils disponibles dans une cuisine.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\nPascal Grouiez<\/b> est \u00e9conomiste, professeur des Universit\u00e9s \u00e0 UPCit\u00e9. Il s\u2019inscrit dans le champ de l\u2019\u00e9conomie \u00e9cologique afin de questionner les conflits et compromis d\u2019acteurs qui se nouent autour des enjeux du rapport entre les activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et leur soutenabilit\u00e9 \u00e9cologique.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Renaud Metereau<\/b> est \u00e9conomiste, ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences \u00e0 UPCit\u00e9 et membre du LADYSS (UMR7533). Ses travaux de recherche et ses enseignements articulent des approches en \u00e9conomie politique du d\u00e9veloppement et en socio-\u00e9conomie \u00e9cologique, principalement autour de l\u2019\u00e9tude des transformations des syst\u00e8mes agroalimentaires et des formes coop\u00e9ratives d\u2019organisation du travail.<\/p>\n
Sylvie Friant<\/b> est directrice de recherche en biologie au CNRS. Elle dirige l\u2019\u00e9quipe \u00ab Trafic membranaire et signalisation lipidique \u00bb au sein du GMGM (G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire, G\u00e9nomique, Microbiologie), U. Strasbourg. Elle a obtenu une m\u00e9daille de bronze du CNRS (2005). Depuis 2021, elle \u00e9tudie l\u2019effet de cocktails de pesticides sur des levures, des cellules neuronales et des tissus de rats dans le cadre d\u2019un PHC franco-alg\u00e9rien avec le Pr M. Kebieche (toxicologue, U. Batna).<\/p>\n
Sabina Issehnane <\/b>est ma\u00eetresse de conf\u00e9rences en \u00e9conomie \u00e0 l\u2019UPCit\u00e9, chercheure au LIED (UMR 8236), associ\u00e9e au CEET-CNAM et \u00e0 l\u2019INED. Economiste de travail, ses travaux r\u00e9cents cherchent \u00e0 identifier les cons\u00e9quences des projets \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques men\u00e9s au sein des exploitations agricoles sur les cr\u00e9ations d\u2019emplois, la qualit\u00e9 des emplois, ainsi que sur l\u2019organisation et les conditions du travail.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Bruno Rinaldi<\/b> est ing\u00e9nieur d\u2019\u00e9tudes au CNRS. Au sein de l\u2019\u00e9quipe de Sylvie Friant, il a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une approche d’humanisation de la levure. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une m\u00e9thodologie rapide et fiable utilisant le mod\u00e8le de la levure de boulanger\u00a0 S. cerevisiae<\/i> pour une validation fonctionnelle de nouveaux variants de patients identifi\u00e9s par les m\u00e9decins et potentiellement responsables de maladies g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques rares.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Emelyne Kircher<\/b> est \u00e9tudiante en th\u00e8se sous la direction de Sylvie Friant. Lors de son master de microbiologie, elle a d\u00e9but\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9tude d\u2019un cocktail de fongicides utilis\u00e9 pour traiter la vigne. Elle a test\u00e9 l\u2019effet de ces pesticides seuls et en cocktail (en utilisant les posologies des vignerons) sur 10 souches de levure de diff\u00e9rentes origines g\u00e9ographiques et \u00e9cologiques issues de nos collections.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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\u00c0<\/span> (re)lire<\/h2>\n
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