{"id":36424,"date":"2024-01-05T14:32:24","date_gmt":"2024-01-05T13:32:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/bibliotheques\/?p=36424"},"modified":"2024-03-19T16:53:39","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T15:53:39","slug":"jean-pecquet-et-la-tempete-du-chyle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/bibliotheques\/jean-pecquet-et-la-tempete-du-chyle\/","title":{"rendered":"Jean Pecquet et la Temp\u00eate du chyle (1651-1655) : un regard in\u00e9dit sur l\u2019un des grands d\u00e9bats m\u00e9dicaux du XVIIe si\u00e8cle"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Lo\u00efc Capron traduit du latin, documente et analyse une controverse anatomique et physiologique qui agita le monde savant entre 1651 et 1655. Le plus brillant m\u00e9decin fran\u00e7ais du XVIIe si\u00e8cle, Jean Pecquet (1622-1674), d\u00e9couvrit le canal thoracique et le mouvement du chyle intestinal vers le c\u0153ur ; il en tira des th\u00e9ories audacieuses \u00e0 propos de la fabrication du sang, qui suscit\u00e8rent de vives disputes. Un nouvel \u00e9clairage original sur la m\u00e9decine du XVIIe si\u00e8cle, par l’auteur de la Correspondance compl\u00e8te et autres \u00e9crits de Guy Patin<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Publi\u00e9 le 6 d\u00e9cembre 2023<\/em><\/p>\n

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S\u00e9bastien Le Clerc, dit l’Ancien
L’Acad\u00e9mie des sciences et des beaux-arts d\u00e9di\u00e9e au Roy<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Paris Mus\u00e9es \/ Mus\u00e9e Carnavalet<\/a><\/span> \u2013 Histoire de Paris. Licence CC0\u00a0<\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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En 1673, le Diafoirus<\/a> de Moli\u00e8re a justement d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 l\u2019aveuglement de certains m\u00e9decins sur l\u2019\u00e9blouissante d\u00e9couverte de la circulation du sang par William Harvey en 1628. Moins connue, mais tout aussi cons\u00e9quente et anim\u00e9e, une autre querelle anatomique a \u00e9clat\u00e9 en 1651 avec la publication des Experimenta nova anatomica<\/em> [Exp\u00e9riences anatomiques nouvelles] de Jean Pecquet (Dieppe 1622-ibid.<\/em> 1674)\u00a0: voulant comprendre les forces en jeu dans le mouvement du sang, en s\u2019aidant des derniers progr\u00e8s de la physique (existence et variations de la pression atmosph\u00e9rique), et encore simple \u00e9tudiant en m\u00e9decine, il eut l\u2019heureuse fortune de mettre au jour le canal thoracique en montrant qu\u2019il conduit le chyle intestinal jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la veine cave sup\u00e9rieure et au c\u0153ur. Ce liquide blanc et \u00e9pais, trouv\u00e9 par Gaspare Aselli en 1622, \u00e9tait tenu pour repr\u00e9senter la totalit\u00e9 du suc nutritif produit par la digestion des aliments. Au lieu de gagner directement le foie, comme on le croyait jusqu\u2019alors, pour y \u00eatre transform\u00e9 en sang et r\u00e9pandre son pouvoir vital dans tout le corps, le chyle arrivait donc dans le c\u0153ur qui devenait l\u2019organe de la \u00ab\u00a0sanguification\u00a0\u00bb. Dans le sillage imm\u00e9diat de Pecquet, Thomas Bartholin (Copenhague 1610-ibid.<\/em> 1680) confirmait l\u2019existence du canal thoracique chez l\u2019homme (1652), d\u00e9couvrait les vaisseaux lymphatiques et c\u00e9l\u00e9brait les \u00ab\u00a0fun\u00e9railles du foie\u00a0\u00bb (1653), d\u00e9poss\u00e9d\u00e9 de sa tr\u00e8s noble fonction de fabriquer le sang.<\/p>\n

Ce crime de l\u00e8se-majest\u00e9 provoqua les vives protestations de Jean Riolan le Jeune (Paris 1580-ibid.<\/em> 1657), tout-puissant professeur royal d\u2019anatomie au Coll\u00e8ge de France, et de plusieurs autres, dont le moindre ne fut pas Harvey, et ainsi naquit la Temp\u00eate du chyle<\/em>. L\u2019h\u00e9r\u00e9sie pecqu\u00e9tienne n\u2019en devint pas moins le nouveau dogme et cessa d\u2019\u00eatre contest\u00e9e pendant deux si\u00e8cles. En 1855, Claude Bernard (Saint-Julien 1813-Paris 1878) ranima le d\u00e9bat et le conclut en montrant l\u2019existence de deux chyles produits par l\u2019intestin gr\u00eale : l\u2019un aqueux gagne directement le foie par la veine porte ; l\u2019autre, graisseux, le fait indirectement, apr\u00e8s \u00eatre pass\u00e9 dans le c\u0153ur et avoir circul\u00e9 dans la totalit\u00e9 du corps ; tous deux permettent au foie de fabriquer la partie liquide du sang (plasma).<\/p>\n

La double nature du chyle est essentielle dans l\u2019\u00e9quilibre lipidique de l\u2019organisme, la formation du lait ou la fabrication des cellules sanguines par la moelle osseuse, et n\u2019a sans doute pas encore r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 la totalit\u00e9 de ses secrets.<\/p>\n

Contrairement au livre de Harvey, dont Charles Richet (prix Nobel de m\u00e9decine ou physiologie en 1913) avait donn\u00e9 une remarquable version fran\u00e7aise en 1879, les Experimenta nova anatomica<\/em> de Pecquet n\u2019avaient jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es dans sa langue maternelle. Con\u00e7ue et r\u00e9dig\u00e9e par Lo\u00efc Capron, ancien professeur des universit\u00e9s en m\u00e9decine interne, sur le m\u00eame mod\u00e8le que La correspondance et autres \u00e9crits de Guy Patin<\/em><\/a>, qui l\u2019a enfant\u00e9e, La temp\u00eate du chyle (1651-1655)<\/em><\/a> a vu le jour gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la confiante collaboration de la Direction des biblioth\u00e8ques et mus\u00e9es d\u2019Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9. Elle traduit, commente (2\u00a0489\u00a0notes) et indexe (4\u00a0190\u00a0entr\u00e9es) l\u2019ouvrage de Pecquet, ainsi que les principaux textes qui l\u2019ont soutenu ou contest\u00e9\u00a0: soit un total de 737\u00a0pages de latin qui procurent un \u00e9clairage original sur le progr\u00e8s m\u00e9dical au xviie<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et, plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, un instructif exemple des erreurs auxquelles peut conduire une brillante d\u00e9couverte anatomique.<\/p>\n

Pour en savoir plus, il est \u00e9galement possible de consulter la conf\u00e9rence de Lo\u00efc Capron : Jean Pecquet (1651-1654) et la temp\u00eate du chyle (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise d’Histoire de la M\u00e9decine, s\u00e9ance du 21 avril 2023 ; 58 minutes).<\/a>\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.22.1″ show_divider=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb500″ \/][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_4″][et_pb_button button_url=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr\/pecquet\/\u00a0\u00bb button_text=\u00a0\u00bbJean Pecquet et la Temp\u00eate du chyle\u00a0\u00bb button_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.22.1″ custom_button=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb button_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb button_bg_color=\u00a0\u00bb#8a1538″ button_border_width=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb button_border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#8a1538″ button_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bb26″ button_icon=\u00a0\u00bb%%20%%\u00a0\u00bb button_icon_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb button_on_hover=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_css_after=\u00a0\u00bbmargin-left: 0!important;||\u00a0\u00bb saved_tabs=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_layout__hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb background_layout__hover=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb button_bg_color__hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb button_bg_color__hover=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb button_icon_color__hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb button_icon_color__hover=\u00a0\u00bb#8a1538″ button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00a0\u00bb#8a1538″ custom_css_after__hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb custom_css_after__hover=\u00a0\u00bbmargin-left: 0!important;\u00a0\u00bb button_border_color__hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb button_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbbutton_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ button_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbbutton_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ button_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbbutton_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb500″ url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|-40px||\u00a0\u00bb button_icon_placement=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ specialty=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.21″ custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px||0px|\u00a0\u00bb prev_background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ inner_width=\u00a0\u00bbauto\u00a0\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.19.11″ width=\u00a0\u00bb80%\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb1080px\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bb\u00c0 lire aussi\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.21″]<\/p>\n

\u00c0<\/span> lire aussi<\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blog _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.21″ posts_number=\u00a0\u00bb4″ include_categories=\u00a0\u00bb13″ show_author=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb show_date=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb show_pagination=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_width_bottom_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb border_color_bottom_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(51,51,51,0.18)\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||50px|\u00a0\u00bb module_id=\u00a0\u00bbpage_type_blog\u00a0\u00bb header_level=\u00a0\u00bbh4″ \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Lo\u00efc Capron traduit du latin, documente et analyse une controverse anatomique et physiologique qui agita le monde savant entre 1651 et 1655. Le plus brillant m\u00e9decin fran\u00e7ais du XVIIe si\u00e8cle, Jean Pecquet (1622-1674), d\u00e9couvrit le canal thoracique et le mouvement du chyle intestinal vers le c\u0153ur ; il en tira des th\u00e9ories audacieuses \u00e0… Lire la suite Jean Pecquet et la Temp\u00eate du chyle (1651-1655) : un regard in\u00e9dit sur l\u2019un des grands d\u00e9bats m\u00e9dicaux du XVIIe si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":261,"featured_media":36455,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[34],"class_list":["post-36424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-patrimoine","tag-slider-home"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/bibliotheques\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/bibliotheques\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/bibliotheques\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/bibliotheques\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/261"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/bibliotheques\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36424"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/bibliotheques\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36815,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/bibliotheques\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36424\/revisions\/36815"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/bibliotheques\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/bibliotheques\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/bibliotheques\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-test.app.u-pariscite.fr\/bibliotheques\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}